Classification
Regnum:
Plantae
Divisio:
Magnoliophyta
Classis:
Magnoliopsida
Ordo:
Rubiales
Familia:
Rubiaceae
Genus:
Morinda
Spesies:
Morinda citrifolia L.
Synonym:
Morinnda aspera
Local name: Mengkudu
Habit: Tree
Characteristic: Compound fruit with a pungent odor when ripening
Distribution: South east Asia, Australia
Benefit: Medical plant
Location: Main gate UPI
Conservation status: Invasive
Description
Morinda citrifolia
is a shrub or small tree that in recent years has attained significant economic
importance worldwide due to the great variety of health and cosmetic products
made from its leaves and fruits. Consequently, it has been extensively
introduced in cultivation and can be found cultivated and naturalized across
tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Groenendijk, 1991; Nelson, 2006; Orwa et al., 2009; USDA-ARS, 2017). Currently, M.
citrifolia is listed as invasive in Cuba, Costa Rica, the Dominican
Republic and Haiti (Kairo et al., 2003; Chacon
and Saborio, 2012, Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012).
M. citrifolia is a species that can tolerate and thrive in very harsh conditions. It is well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions and soil types. It can grow in infertile, acidic, and alkaline soils, and in areas with climates ranging from very dry to very wet. It is also tolerant to fire, waterlogging, wind, shaded conditions (>80% shade) and salt spray (Francis, 2004; Nelson, 2006; PROTA, 2017). For instance, M. citrifolia is one of the first plants to colonize harsh waste areas or lava flows on islands across the Pacific region and is also one of the few species that can thrive beneath the canopy of the allelopathic tree Casuarina equisetifolia (Nelson, 2006). Additionally, M. citrifolia has a deep taproot and an extensive and aggressive root system and once established it is very persistent and difficult to eradicate. Seeds have a distinct air chamber and can retain viability even after floating in water for months, facilitating the wide distribution and occurrence of this species on many seashores worldwide (Nelson, 2006).
M. citrifolia is a species that can tolerate and thrive in very harsh conditions. It is well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions and soil types. It can grow in infertile, acidic, and alkaline soils, and in areas with climates ranging from very dry to very wet. It is also tolerant to fire, waterlogging, wind, shaded conditions (>80% shade) and salt spray (Francis, 2004; Nelson, 2006; PROTA, 2017). For instance, M. citrifolia is one of the first plants to colonize harsh waste areas or lava flows on islands across the Pacific region and is also one of the few species that can thrive beneath the canopy of the allelopathic tree Casuarina equisetifolia (Nelson, 2006). Additionally, M. citrifolia has a deep taproot and an extensive and aggressive root system and once established it is very persistent and difficult to eradicate. Seeds have a distinct air chamber and can retain viability even after floating in water for months, facilitating the wide distribution and occurrence of this species on many seashores worldwide (Nelson, 2006).
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